The impact of alternative fuel on diesel in reducing of pollution from vehicles
Keywords:
Diesel engines, Environmental pollution, Alternative fuels, Carbon dioxideAbstract
The main source of energy for vehicles is currently internal combustion engines. These engines emit the main pollutants carbon oxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and particles matters into the atmosphere. The biggest polluter of nitrogen oxides and particles are diesel engines. For this purpose, the addition of alternative fuels ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, and Fisher-Tropsch fuel to conventional diesel fuel in the amount of 5-15% has been studied, to see their impact on the reduction of carbon dioxide and pollution. For this, the analytical method of carbon dioxide calculation, experimental data from the literature and experimental measurements of the opacity coefficient were used. From the obtained results, it results that in reduction of CO2 affect more the fuels B15 up to 11.5%, M-15 up to 9%, FT 15 up to 7.5% and E-15 up to 6%. Also, M 15 has the greatest impact on the reduction of particles and nitrogen oxides with a reduction of 45% and 30% respectively, followed by E 15 with 30% and 20% and B15 and FT15 with 30% and 25%. Experimental measurements of the opacity coefficient confirm that the use of M15 and E15 fuels reduces pollution by 35% and 25%.
References
1. Glasby, G. P. (2006). Drastic reductions in utilizable fossil fuel reserves: an environmental imperative. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 8, 197-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-005-5753-4
2. Holdren, J. P. (2006). The energy innovation imperative: Addressing oil dependence, climate change, and other 21st century energy challenges. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 1(2), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1162/itgg.2006.1.2.3
3. WRI (World Resources Institute) (2011). Climate Analysis Indicators Tool. Version 8.0
4. Hajderi, A., & Bozo, L. (2023). The air pollution from vehicles and health risks in the city of Tirana. Advanced Engineering Days (AED), 7, 116-119.
5. Mahate, V., & Bisen, A. (2019). Impacts and Challenges of Biodiesel Use in Transport sector–An overview. Policy, 8(1), 444-450. https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2019.0801071
6. Agarwal, A. K. (2007). Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 33(3), 233-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2006.08.003
7. Rakopoulos, C. D., Rakopoulos, D. C., Hountalas, D. T., Giakoumis, E. G., & Andritsakis, E. C. (2008). Performance and emissions of bus engine using blends of diesel fuel with bio-diesel of sunflower or cottonseed oils derived from Greek feedstock. Fuel, 87(2), 147-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.04.011
8. Carraretto, C., Macor, A., Mirandola, A., Stoppato, A., & Tonon, S. (2004). Biodiesel as alternative fuel: Experimental analysis and energetic evaluations. Energy, 29(12-15), 2195-2211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.042
9. IEA (International Energy Agency) 2010. Sustainable production of second –generation biofuels (OECD) Parigi
10. Halderman, D. J., & Mitchell, D. C. (2012). Automotive technology principles, diagnosis and service; New York, USA, 918-945
11. Morrigan, M. (2011). Reducing greenhouse gas emissions through recycling and composting in California, Oregon, and Washington. The Evans School Review, 1(1), 23-35.
12. Basholli, A., Mema, B., Basholli, F., Hyka, D., & Salillari, D. (2023). The role of education in cyber hygiene. Advanced Engineering Days (AED), 7, 178-181.
13. Hajderi, A., Sefa, S. (2015). The impact of alternative fuels in vehicles to reduce the global warming. Interdisplinary Journal of Research and Development, 2(2), 35-42.
14. Hajderi, A., & Lumi, D. (2012). Case study on reduction of environmental pollution from usage of vehicles in Albania. Word Academy of Science Engineering and Technology, (64), 628-633.
15. SGS Automotive Albania (2024). www.sgs.com
16. Basholli, F., Mezini, R., & Basholli, A. (2023). Security in the components of information systems. Advanced Engineering Days (AED), 7, 185-187.
17. Directive 2009/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 on roadworthiness tests for motor vehicles and their trailers.
18. Gubler, R. (2006). Biodiesel. The Chemical Economics Handbook, 205.
19. Hajderi, A., Bozo, L., & Basholli, F. (2023). The impact of alternative fuels to diesel in reducing pollution from vehicles. Advanced Engineering Days (AED), 8, 60-63.
